New York Fed Survey Shows Credit Gap for Small Business

Small businesses in the New York area show "unabated demand" for loans and "widespread reports of unmet credit needs," according to a new survey by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Of the 59 percent of businesses responding to the poll that applied for credit in the first half of 2010, only half got any loan approval at all, and three quarters said their full borrowing needs were not met. (The PDF of the report is available here.)
The online poll, which surveyed 426 small businesses in New York and neighboring states in June and July, adds some useful data points to what has become a central question of the recovery: Why has borrowing declined among small businesses? The volume of outstanding loans to small businesses has dropped by $45 billion, or about 6 percent, since 2008, according to data from bank regulatory filings.
The New York Fed survey suggests that the contraction isn't driven by lack of demand from borrowers. Deteriorating business conditions for applicants may play a role. Two-thirds of business polled reported that their sales declined since 2008. Companies that successfully got credit tended to be more established, showed sales growth through the recession, or were able to use their profits to fund their businesses in 2008.
While the health of businesses influenced whether or not they succeeded in getting loans, it didn't influence whether or not they applied for credit. "High sales performers and businesses that were having either stagnant sales or declining sales applied at roughly similar rates," says Claire Kramer, a senior analyst at the New York Fed's Community Affairs group, who co-authored the report. That finding, the report says, "casts doubt on suggestions that smaller, younger, financially weakened, or underperforming firms are drivers of credit demand."
The forms of credit with the highest approval rates were financing for vehicles and equipment (63 percent of applicants were approved) and personal credit cards (46 percent approved). The forms that were approved least often were applications for business loans (20 percent approved) and new business credit lines (27 percent approved). Companies that had obtained credit successfully in 2008 were not any more likely to be approved, the survey found.
The survey concludes that the "second look" reviews that some banks have started, along with technical assistance for businesses, could help more applicants become viable borrowers.
The New York Fed's findings about credit demand contradict other survey evidence, including from the National Federation of Independent Business, that suggests lending is down because businesses don't want to borrow. The NFIB's latest monthly member survey said that 91 percent of respondents reported that their credit needs were met, including 53 percent that were not interested in borrowing.
The survey, along with an earlier one from the Atlanta Fed, adds to the limited set of data about small business lending. The New York Fed plans to release a second report based on the same data in early 2011, and similar surveys are planned by other Federal Reserve Banks, including Boston and Cleveland, says Jeffrey Smith, a spokesman for the New York Fed.

Two months ago, we wrote about Blinds.com, a Houston blinds e-tailer that was struggling to determine whether to hire additional workers. The boss, Jay Steinfeld, told us his business was profitable and had "plenty of cash," so he could afford to take on new staff. But he was worried about the state of the housing market, crucial for any home furnishings retailer. Government initiatives weren't top of mind.
Still, as we talked, he did acknowledge that his team was taking into consideration some of the Obama Administration's incentives to hire. His CFO, Marilynne Franks, said that the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act's tax credit for hiring unemployed workers, which took effect in March, would soon be paying off for the company. She figured Blinds.com would be eligible for tax credits for 8 or 10 of the 35 employees it had brought in since the beginning of the year.
By way of background, the HIRE Act works like this, per the IRS website: Employers who hire unemployed workers this year (after Feb. 3, 2010 and before Jan. 1, 2011) can qualify for a 6.2-percent payroll tax incentive, in effect exempting them from their share of Social Security taxes on wages paid to these workers after March 18, 2010. In addition, for each worker retained for at least a year, businesses may claim an additional general business tax credit, up to $1,000 per worker, when they file their 2011 income tax returns.
Now, as WebCPA reported yesterday, the Treasury Department has just updated its monthly estimate of eligible workers, showing that from February 2010 to June 2010, businesses hired 5.6 million new workers who had been unemployed for eight weeks or longer. That means the businesses that hired them are eligible to receive up to an estimated $10.4 billion in HIRE Act tax exemptions and credits.